Pest Control involves removing food, water, and shelter sources for unwanted organisms. This may include rodent traps, baits, and lethal sprays.
In outdoor pest situations, eradication is rarely the goal; instead, suppression and prevention are common goals. Contact Nature Shield Pest Solutions now!
Pests can damage your property (like rats, bees, and ants) or harm you physically or psychologically (like bed bugs and cluster flies). Professional pest control companies are trained to deal with these invaders.
Accurate pest identification is the first step in a successful pest management program. Proper identification enables you to understand the pest’s life cycle, food requirements, habitat and harborage preferences, and behavior. This information will help you to select an appropriate management action. For example, identifying the specific pests that are damaging your collection will help you to choose the best way to control them without using harmful chemicals.
Pest identification may seem simple enough, but it is important to remember that pests can look very similar to each other or even to non-pests as they progress through their life stages. An immature beetle, for instance, might resemble a caterpillar or worm. Also, different types of damage can be caused by the same insect species. For this reason, proper identification requires careful observation and comparison with published descriptions and images.
When attempting to identify a pest, consider shape and size, color, number of legs, wings or antennae, as well as the presence or absence of any sucking mouthparts, spiracles or sucking feet. Insects’ stings and bites can also be useful indicators of identity, as can the presence of egg sacs or pupal skin. In addition, observe whether the pest has a distinct odor, as is often the case with fruit flies and cockroaches, or staining, wrinkling or discoloration of the damaged plant tissue, as in the cases of beetles and leafminers.
If possible, try to identify the pest to the order level. This is helpful when selecting an appropriate biological insecticide. For example, a product that is labeled for the control of lepidoptera (caterpillars) will not be effective against chrysanthemum leafminers.
If you are still not sure what kind of bug or pest you have, contact your local entomologist or MMPC’s free Pest ID Center. The experts at the Pest ID Center will analyze a physical specimen or an image of your mystery pest and provide identification results and suggestions for treatment. For more information, see the Pest ID Center’s Frequently Asked Questions. Alternatively, you can consult the MMPC Insect and Pest Identification Guide.
Pesticides
Pesticides are chemical substances used to kill or prevent the growth of harmful organisms such as insects, diseases, weeds and rodents. They can take a variety of forms, such as solids, liquids, powders or sprays. Their toxicity is determined by the chemicals that comprise them and their mode of action. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates and monitors the use of pesticides by sponsoring research, conducting inspections, publishing information, and educating the public.
The primary advantage of using pesticides is to save crops from insect infestations or damage. Other uses include controlling disease vectors that carry human and animal pathogens or nuisance organisms that disrupt human activities and structures. Many pesticides contain “inert” chemicals, which are used to stabilize the formulation and allow it to perform its intended function. While the majority of these chemicals reach their target, a significant percentage also end up in air, water and sediments or even in our food. The health impacts of these chemicals range from acute effects that occur at high levels for short periods of time to chronic exposures over long periods of time and may include cancers, birth defects and preterm delivery, reproductive harm and immune system disruption.
Pest control products are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and each state government has its own review process for pesticides. Typically, the EPA will approve a pesticide and then each state will register it. A pesticide can be classified by schedules that determine how toxic it is and how it will be used, as well as the form it takes, such as a solid, liquid or powder.
A pesticide can be used on a single plant or an entire field, in a greenhouse or in the open. It can be applied by a ground or aerial equipment and can leave behind residues on the plant, in the soil or in the air. These residues can be blown into nearby homes, schools and businesses, where they may be inhaled or ingested. They can also be washed into ponds, rivers and streams where they may affect the habitat of aquatic organisms and enter our water supply.
Biological Control
Biological control is a pest management strategy that uses natural enemies to reduce populations of a target pest, rather than spraying chemicals. Biological control can be more complex and expensive than chemical control, but it is environmentally sustainable and generally more effective. It requires a deep understanding of the ecology and behavior of both the pest and its natural enemies, and must be designed and put into action in ways that are compatible with the natural enemy’s natural environment and life cycle. Biological control of insects, weeds and plant diseases is a critical component of integrated pest management.
Unlike synthetic pesticides, which can harm both natural enemies and beneficial microorganisms, the use of biological agents usually does not harm other organisms in the environment. However, some biocontrol agents (such as bacillus thuringiensis or Bt, entomopathogenic nematodes, and parasitized flies or syrphid fly larvae) can be toxic to natural enemies when used in excessive amounts or under poor conditions.
The simplest type of biological control is called classical biological control, and involves the importation of natural enemies from their native habitats to control an introduced pest. This is a common technique for controlling exotic insect pests, such as the cottony cushion scale on orange trees or the invasive alligator weed. Researchers study the pest’s native habitat, and search for and collect indigenous natural enemies that kill the pest. The promising natural enemies are then shipped back for testing and possible release in the area where the pest is found. Several successful examples of classical biological control have been recorded, such as the introduction of Rodolia cardinalis, the vedalia beetle, to control cottony cushion scale on citrus trees, and Hippodamia convergens, the convergent lady beetle, to control aphids on vegetables.
Another type of biological control is augmentation, which seeks to increase the effectiveness of naturally occurring predators, parasitoids or pathogens that already exist in an environment to better suppress a particular pest. This is accomplished through either mass production in insectaries, or through periodic augmentation of the natural enemy population at the field site, through inoculative or inundative releases. Augmentation is typically more effective for certain pests than others, as many biocontrol agents are host-specific. The predatory mite Amblysieus swirskii, for example, feeds on several species of thrips and whiteflies, while the fungus pathogen Phytoseiulus galleriae is effective only against grubs.
Prevention
Pests are organisms that damage or interfere with human activities, crops, livestock, plants, or the environment. They can also spread disease to humans, animals, and crops, contaminate food or water supplies, and destroy property. Pest control involves preventive and curative measures to keep populations below damaging levels. Pesticides are often used for control, but other methods may be employed as well.
Prevention involves practices that deter or remove sources of food, water, and shelter for pests. These include avoiding clutter that provides hiding places, sealing cracks and openings, and keeping garbage receptacles tightly closed and cleaned.
Early warning signs of pest infestations can help detect them before they cause major problems. For example, termite activity can be detected by the faint, hollow sound of wood when tapped, and by mud tubes on exterior walls that lead to nests. A professional pest control company can assess a building and implement preventive strategies tailored to that specific site.
Identifying and correctly identifying pests is essential to determining whether they can be tolerated or need to be controlled. Incorrect identification can lead to over-reliance on one type of management strategy or the indiscriminate killing of beneficial insects and organisms that provide natural pest control.
A well-rounded approach to pest control integrates biological, cultural, and mechanical methods and uses pesticides judiciously. This includes adjusting the use of pesticides according to monitoring results and the local environment. It also requires education and awareness to increase understanding of pest behaviors and ecology.
The goal of prevention is to achieve an acceptable level of pest damage without causing unacceptable harm to humans, property, or the environment. This is a difficult goal to accomplish, especially in agricultural settings where pests are an inevitable part of the landscape.
Pest control is a vital part of protecting public health by controlling diseases that pests carry, safeguarding agriculture and food supplies, preserving buildings and their contents, and maintaining ecological balance. While there are times when pests must be controlled, the best and most economical way to do so is through preventive pest management.